Staff Nurse Medical/Surgical ICU (female only)

Staff Nurse Medical/Surgical ICU (female only)

Company King Faisal Specialist Hospital&Research Center
Salary TBA
Location Jeddah
Job Ref KFSJ28367
Job Description

Staff Nurse Medical/Surgical ICU

Only European passport holders, please, with Western qualifications

Female candidates only and must have current 2 years uninterrupted experience in Medical/Surgical ICU

Candidates must have proof of original Nursing Qualification from country of which they hold passport.

King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center in Jeddah

King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Jeddah is a tertiary care hospital in the western region of Saudi Arabia, and plays an important role in setting healthcare standards locally, nationally and internationally. The Hospital is committed as a leader in promoting health, research and education for the wellbeing of patients, staff and community.

Visit Sites http://www.professionalplacement.co.uk/Nursing-Careers/in-Saudi-Arabia/Jeddah/tabid/216/Nursing-Jobs/18025/Nursing/Default.aspx

Sistema Límbico

El sistema límbico está formado por una serie de estructuras complejas, que se ubican alrededor del tálamo y debajo de la corteza cerebral. Es el responsable principal de la vida afectiva, y es partícipe en la formación de memorias, en las que participan el hipotálamo, el hipocampo, la amígdala y ganglios basales. Las funciones principales del Sistema Límbico son: la motivación por la preservación del organismo y la especie, la integración de la información genética y ambiental a través del aprendizaje, y la tarea de integrar nuestro medio interno con el externo antes de realizar una conducta.

El sistema límbico es un sistema formado por varias estructuras cerebrales que gestiona respuestas fisiológicas ante estímulos emocionales. Está relacionado con la memoria, atención, instintos sexuales, emociones (por ejemplo placer, miedo, agresión), personalidad y la conducta. Está formado por partes del tálamo, hipotálamo, hipocampo, amígdala cerebral, cuerpo calloso, séptum y mesencéfalo. El sistema límbico interacciona muy velozmente (y al parecer sin que necesiten mediar estructuras cerebrales superiores) con el sistema endócrino y el sistema nervioso autónomo.

El sistema límbico es una de las partes más primitivas o primordiales del cerebro en términos filogenéticos y evolutivos pues sus primordios ya se encuentran en los peces, el "cerebro límbico" sería precedido evolutivamente por el puente de Varolio y tronco encefálico (un antecedente aún más primitivo en filogenia es el bulbo raquídeo). En tal caso el sistema o "cerebro límbico" es prácticamente la mayor parte del cerebro de los tetrapodos primitivos: anfibios y reptiles. La corteza cerebral sería la parte más evolucionada.

Partes del sistema límbico

Lóbulo límbico: circunvolución del cuerpo calloso, la circunvolución subcallosa y el giro parahipocampal.

Formaciones hipocámpicas: hipocampo dorsal (corresponde al indusium gris) e hipocampo ventral (formado por asta de ammon, cuerpo franjeado, giro dentado y el subículo).

Complejo amigdalino: corteza periamigdalina, núcleo amigdalino y estría terminal. Área septal. Formaciones olfatorias: bulbo, pedúnculo estría olfatoria y lóbulo piriforme.

Núcleo dorso mediano y núcleo anterior del tálamo óptico.

Corteza cerebral órbito frontal.

Núcleo accumbens

Tubérculos mamilares

Los tubérculos mamilares son un par de núcleos grises de forma redondeada que se encuentran ubicados al final de los arcos anteriores del trígono en la base del cerebro. Los tubérculos mamilares forman parte del systema límbico. Están conectados a otras partes del cerebro y su función es la de reenviar impulsos nerviosos que llegan de la amígdala y el hipocampo hacia el tálamo a través del tracto mamilo-talámico. Otra función es la de participar en los procesos de la memoria emocional.

Antibiotics Should Only Be Used For Bacterial Infections

Antibiotics Should Only Be Used For Bacterial Infections. Prescribing antibiotics to treat respiratory tract infections has dropped significantly in recent years, a new study has found.

That's mainly the result of fewer young children being seen for ear infections, according to the researchers. But despite a decline overall, prescriptions for broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as azithromycin (Zithromax), and anti-microbial agents known as quinolones have increased, they reported. Such drugs are used to fight more serious infections, such as MRSA and other resistant bacteria.

"There is good news about declining antibiotic use, since inappropriate use of antibiotics can result in bacteria that are resistant to these antibiotics," said Dr. Marie R. Griffin, a professor of preventive medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and a co-author of the study. "However, overuse of powerful antibiotics remains a problem."

"Antibiotics should only be used for bacterial infections, and heavy-duty antibiotics should be saved for serious infections," Griffin said.

Over the last 12 years, she said, use of antibiotics in children has declined 36 percent. "This is mainly due to educational efforts to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics for viral infections and to a new vaccine -- pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for infants, which has reduced ear infections in children," she said.

For the study, which is published in the Aug. 19 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, the researchers looked at the trends in prescriptions for antibiotics from 1995 to 2006, using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.

They found that medical visits for ear infections among children younger than 5 declined 17 percent in that time, and antibiotic prescription rates dropped 27 percent.

The study attributed the decrease to a 36 percent reduction in antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory tract infections. Rate of doctor visits for ear infections fell 33 percent over the study period, and rates of antibiotic prescriptions specifically for ear infections fell 36 percent, the researchers found.

Among those 5 and older, doctor visits for respiratory tract infections remained about the same, but antibiotic prescription rates for those infections dropped18 percent. Prescription rates for antibiotics for other conditions for which antibiotics are rarely indicated dropped 24 percent in this age group, the study found.

In the past decade, initiatives in the United States have urged the judicious use of antibiotics, particularly for acute respiratory tract infection, which is a common reason for people to see a doctor and a frequent reason for antibiotic prescriptions, especially for young children, the researchers noted.

The use and misuse of antibiotics can increase the likelihood that bacteria will become resistant to antibiotics. Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have been associated with increased illness, death and substantial costs, the researchers said.

Dr. Stuart B. Levy, president of the Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics and a professor of medicine, molecular biology and microbiology at Tufts University School of Medicine, said he thinks the trend toward less antibiotic use is encouraging.

"It's a wonderful finding," Levy said. "The message is getting out there. There is a major thrust in the appropriate use of antibiotics -- the realization that if we reduce the use of antibiotics, we will reduce the levels of resistance."

Levy added that it also has become easier for doctors to tell patients they don't need antibiotics.

"Now patients are saying: 'If I don't need the antibiotic, why should I take it?' That is a good sign," he said.

People are getting the message that "antibiotics are not cure-alls, and a consequence of antibiotic usage and misuse is the resistance that emerges," Levy said. ( HealthDay News)

Nanda Nursing Diagnosis By Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns

Nanda Nursing Diagnosis By Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns

Download :
Nanda Nursing Diagnosis By Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns

Click Here

and

Click Here

Amígdalas cerebrales

Las amígdalas cerebrales son núcleos grises de forma de almendra ubicados profundamente dentro de cada uno de los hemisferios cerebrales, a la altura de la porción anterior de los lúbulos temporales. Las amígdalas forman parte del sistema límbico y por lo tanto una de sus funciones es la de procesar y memorizar las reacciones emocionales.

La amígdala envía proyecciones axónicas al hipotálamo, el cual tiene como función la activación del sistema nervioso autónomo, los núcleos reticulares para incrementar los reflejos de vigilancia, paralización y escape/huida, a los núcleos del nervio trigémino y facial para las expresiones de miedo, al área tegmental ventral, locus ceruleus, y núcleo tegmental laterodorsal para la activación de neurotransmisores de dopamina, noradrenalina y adrenalina.

Drugs, Alcohol and HIV/AIDS: A Consumer Guide

Drugs, Alcohol and HIV/AIDS: A Consumer Guide

Drug Abuse behavior plays the single largest role in the spread of HIV infection in the United States today. This pamphlet answers questions and offers resource and contact information.

Download : Drugs, Alcohol and HIV/AIDS: A Consumer Guide --> click here

The Science Inside: High Blood Pressure

The Science Inside: High Blood Pressure
This booklet explains what health professionals know about high blood pressure or hypertension, one of the leading causes of heart disease and stroke. It shows how to prevent high blood pressure, as well as how to care for yourself if you have been diagnosed with the disease.

Download The Science Inside: High Blood Pressure : click here

The Science Inside: Diabetes

The Science Inside: Diabetes
This booklet summarizes what health professionals know about type 2 diabetes — what it is, who is at risk for it, how it can be prevented, and how it is treated. It describes how researchers study the disease and what individuals can do to help reduce the rising number of diabetes cases now affecting millions of children and adults around the country.

Download : The Science Inside: Diabetes click here

Ganglios Basales

Los ganglios basales son núcleos grisis formados por cuerpos neuronales que están ubicados en la base del cerebro, dentro del telencéfalo. Este tejido nervioso gris está interconectado con la corteza cerebral, el tálamo y el tallo cerebral. Están asociados, fundamentalmente, con los movimientos que también tienen su origen en la corteza motora. Las fibras axónicas de los ganglios basales, que no se dirigen directamente a la columna vertebral, enlazan con el centro motor supraespinal del tronco cerebral, conjuntos de neuronas que envían fibras nerviosas a la médula espinal.

Los ganglios basales se asocian con movimientos voluntarios realizados de forma principalmente inconsciente, esto es, aquellos que involucran al cuerpo entero en tareas rutinarias o cotidianas. Los ganglios basales se sitúan sobre una zona denominada cuerpo estriado. Los ganglios basales están compuestos por el núcleo caudado, el núcleo lenticular (putamen y globo pálido), el núcleo subtalámico y la sustancia negra. Al conjunto de núcleo caudado y núcleo lenticular se lo conoce como cuerpo estriado. Un daño de los ganglios basales implica una falla en la coordinación que supone la aparición de los síntomas característicos de un trastorno motor global; especialmente, los movimientos característicos de enfermedades como el parkinson, el balismo y el corea de Huntington.

10 Foods That Increase Memory

You already know about 10 great meals that can stimulate the human memory? For those of you who already know it must have felt himself, like what are the benefits, but for you who do not know yet discouraged because in this paper, I will distribute to the 10 types of foods that can stimulate the brain to work better, easier way to create a memory & more intelligent .
The ten types of foods that include :

1. Fish
   The first is freshwater fish, especially fish such as salmon, trout, tuna, herring, mackerel and sardines.
   Basically the fish contains a lot of nutritional content, such as lecithin (choline), phenylalanine, ribonucleic acid, DMAE, tyrosine, vitamin B6, niacin or B3, copper, protein, zinc, omega-3 fatty acid (DHA) and vitamin B12.


2. Egg
   It was no doubt a nutritious eggs contain content such as phenylalanine, lecithin (choline), vitamin E, vitamin B6.


3. Chicken
   Chicken contains phenylalanine, vitamin B6, niacin or B3 & protein.


4. Banana
   Banana is a fruit that contains tyrosine, magnesium, potassium and vitamin B6.


5. Low Fat Milk Products
   These foods contain phenylalanine, tyrosine, slutamin, protein, ALC & vitamin B12.


6. Avocado
   This fruit contains a tyrosine & magnesium.


7. Soybean
   Containing soy lecithin (choline), glutamic acid, phenylalanine, vitamin E, iron, zinc, protein, vitami B6.


8. Beef Without Fat
   Containing phenylalanine, lecithin (choline, glutamic acid, an iron, zinc)


9. Chicken Liver
   Containing vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, protein, iron & tyrosine.


10. Gandum
    Grain lots containing lecithin (choline), glutanik acid, vitamin B6, B1 and E and magnesium.

Thus the ten foods that can improve the performance of the human brain. If we are diligent in taking it so our body butter to be healthy, safe and sound also we will have a brilliant brain.

Cuerpo Estriado

El cuerpo estriado es un núcleo gris ubicado en la base del cerebro y en la parte externa de cada uno de los ventrículos laterales. Anatomicamente pertenecen a los ganglios basales del cerebro. El cuerpo estriado está compuesto por el núcleo caudado y el núcleo lenticular (globo pálido y putamen).

El cuerpo estriado está conectado con la corteza del cerebro. Neuronas piramidales de las capas II, V y VI proyectan sus axones hacia este núcleo gris, exitando a sus neuronas, las cuales son enervadas por el neurotransmisor ácido glutámico.

Ubicación anatómica del cuerpo estriado

How to Find Autism From Babies - Autism Infant Characteristics

Autism Infant characteristics

Patients with autism can be recognized Since Birth - autistic children have some symptoms that can be recognized since they were born. When he was three years old, the symptoms are more evident.

Similarly submitted by Roselyn Saez, children with special needs practitioners, Linguistic Indonesian Council seminar "Your Child Is Special" at Menara Kuningan, Jakarta.

Similarly submitted by Roselyn Saez, practitioners special needs children, autistic patients have several characteristics such as difficulty communicating and socializing. Autism do not know how to express joy or sadness. They also do not know how to communicate.

"An autistic child does not know how to call his mother, they'll hurt himself, hitting him until his mother comes, that's one way they called her mother," said Roselyn.

According to Roselyn, autism often spoke in a monotone and expressionless. Sometimes they repeat the words of other people that they hear, or commonly called echolalia.

Apart from weak communication, autism is often acting weird like always repeat the same activities every day. "For instance, they wear school uniforms. First wear clothes, both wear the pants, the third wearing shoes, always regularly because they are difficult to organize," says Roselyn.

Roselyn also gave an example, an autistic student has no fear of danger. "A student who was two years old I like to go up to the fourth floor, leaned down, just to get a sensation of horror, he did not know it was dangerous," he said.

In addition, children with autism also have excessive obsession with something. For example, they obsess on the numbers, then they will continue to pay attention to the numbers, or obsessing on a rope, they will memaimkan rope continuously. "People with autism are also sensitive to the touch. They can hurt just because of the small touches," he said.

However, there are unique advantages autistic children. They can recall in detail, and accurate information. Their visual memory is also very good and able to concentrate on certain subjects or work in a long period.

Children with autism require special care and handling from an early age. There are several treatment that can be done such as providing specialized education, such as occupational therapy for stroke patient therapy, speech therapy and language therapy, physical therapy to train
their muscles, applied behavioral analysis to help recognize behaviors which positively or negatively, picture exchange communication system, which is a method of learning through pictures, expressing words through pictures that easily captured autism.

Roselyn also said there is no exact cause of autistic children. Could be due to environmental or health patterns of the mother during pregnancy, can also influence gene. "Unkown, is not known precisely because of various reasons," says Roselyn.

Seminar on "Your Child Is Special" introduces some features of children with special needs, education, and how to build a good relationship with them. This seminar was organized by the Indonesian Council in collaboration with the Linguistic Shining Stars, Brass Family and Community Center, and HOPE Worldwide Indonesia.

Adapted from Kompas.com

Sustancia Nigra

La sustancia nigra es una estructura gris que se encuentra ubicada en el mesencéfalo. Forma parte de los ganglios basales y tiene una función importante en la adicción y movimientos motores. La enfermedad de Parkinson es causada por la muerte de neuronas dopaminérgicas en la sustancia nigra pars compacta.

Aunque la sustancia nigra aparece como una banda contínua in secciones del cerebro, estudios anatómicos han descubierto que la misma consta realmente de dos partes con conecciones y funciones muy diferentes: pars compacta y pars reticulata. La porción pars compacta sirve como una entrada al circuito de los ganglios basales, suministrando al cuerpo estriado con dopamina. En cambio el pars reticulata de la sustancia negra sirve principalmente como una salida, llevando impulsos nerviosos desde los ganglios basales hacia las otras estructuras nerviosas de la base del cerebro.

Papilomavirus: vacunación mediante Gardasil

La Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria ha denunciado la campaña de vacunación masiva contra el papilomavirus mediante Gardasil, por la escasa incidencia del cáncer de cuello de útero en España, por el desconocimiento real de la eficacia de esta vacuna y de su seguridad y por su excesivo precio, habiendo otras prioridades. Pero el carácter de virus endógeno del papilomavirus añade un nuevo y terrible factor de riesgo a estas críticas. En Estados Unidos, el registro público sobre los efectos adversos de las vacunas ha denunciado 4541 efectos secundarios de Gardasil, entre ellos 11 muertes y 82 reacciones con peligro para la vida.

El Doctor Harald zur Hausen, reciente Premio Nóbel de Medicina por su descubrimiento de que el cáncer de cuello de útero está producido por un virus, afirma que "habría que vacunar al 100% de la población (incluidos los varones) contra el papilomavirus" (El País, 26/10/2008). El Premio Nóbel hace, en la entrevista, afirmaciones tan peregrinas como que está convencido de que los virus pasan de los mamíferos al hombre por comer carne cruda o poco hecha, o que el 21% del los cánceres son de origen infeccioso. Si cada una de estas afirmaciones puede parecer muy cuestionable, el conjunto de ellas hace sospechar sobre los motivos reales de la concesión del Nóbel.

Veamos algunos datos: En España, la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello de útero es de menos de dos mujeres por cada cien mil. El cáncer de cuello de útero está asociado a la falta de higiene y a la pobreza. El país que muestra la mayor incidencia es Haití, el más pobre del mundo, con unas cifras que llegan al 3%, por causa de la "falta de higiene y la promiscuidad", pero sobre todo por la pobreza.

La necesidad de la campaña de vacunación masiva que las autoridades sanitarias están promocionando no se sostiene, simplemente, atendiendo a las cifras de la incidencia de dicho cáncer, pero mucho menos si nos atenemos a sus verdaderas causas. ¿Cuál puede ser, pues, el motivo de semejante desatino? Algo que, posiblemente, "sorprenderá" a los lectores: La avidez de dinero de los laboratorios farmacéuticos que comercializan la carísima vacuna "Gardasil", cuya supuesta eficacia (y lo que es peor, sus posibles efectos) no se podrán comprobar hasta pasados 20 ó 30 años. Los laboratorios Merck emprendieron, el pasado año, una campaña de presión a los políticos de Estados Unidos para que su vacuna se aplicase con carácter obligatorio. En el estado de Texas lo consiguieron e, incluso, Merck hizo una campaña para que las escuelas no admitieran a las niñas de 11 y 12 años que no hubiesen sido vacunadas.

Finalmente, su campaña se suspendió por las protestas sobre su alto costo y por la reacción de las fuerzas conservadoras con el argumento de que la campaña favorecía el sexo prematrimonial. A pesar de la suspensión de la campaña, los beneficios económicos de la vacuna han sido enormes. Ahora, lo intentan en España.

Pero, ¿Cuál es la verdadera relación de los virus con el cáncer? ¿Son causa o son efecto? Hace tiempo que se ha comprobado en algunos tumores que emiten partículas retrovirales.

TIP 48: Managing Depressive Symptoms in Substance Abuse Clients During Early Recovery

This TIP, Managing Depressive Symptoms in Substance Abuse Clients During Early Recovery, provides substance abuse counselors the "what," "why," and "how-to" of working with clients with depressive symptoms and substance use disorders, covering topics such as counseling approaches, clinical settings, cultural concerns, counselor roles and responsibilities, screening and assessment, treatment planning and processes, and continuing care. This TIP also provides administrators information about incorporating the management of depressive symptoms into their substance abuse programs, complete with a systematic approach to designing and implementing a supportive infrastructure. The Literature Review synthesizes the most current knowledge and scientific findings on the topic and is only available online at www.kap.samhsa.gov.

Download click here

Núcleo Caudado

El núcleo caudado es un núcleo gris que se encuentra en la base del cerebro y que pertenece a los ganglios basales. Hay un núcleo caudado en la base de cada hemisferio cerebral, a ambos lados del tálamo. Junto al cerebelo, participan en la modulación del movimiento motor en forma indirecta, desde la corteza a los núcleos y de estos de vuelta a la corteza motora vía núcleos talámicos.

El núcleo caudado tiene forma de C con tres porciones: la cabeza en contacto con la pared de los ventrículos laterales, el cuerpo y la cola. Su estrecha relación funcional con otro de los núcleos basales, el putamen, da lugar a su agrupación en el conjunto denominado estriado ( que también agrupa al núcleo accumbens). Caudado y putamen se encuentran separados por las fibras descendentes de la cápsula interna. El núcleo caudado es enervado por el neurotransmisor dopamina.

Treatment for Rheumatic Heart Disease

Rheumatic Heart Disease Treatment

Specific treatment for rheumatic heart disease will be determined by your child's physician based on :

• Your child's overall health and medical history.
• Extent of the disease.
• Your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies.
• Expectations for the course of the disease.
• Your opinion or preference.

The best treatment for rheumatic heart disease is prevention. Antibiotics can usually treat strep throat (a Streptococcus bacterial infection) and stop acute rheumatic fever from developing. Antibiotic therapy has sharply reduced the incidence and mortality rate of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.

Children who have previously contracted rheumatic fever are often given continuous (daily or monthly) antibiotic treatments to prevent future attacks of rheumatic fever and lower the risk of heart damage.

If inflammation of the heart has developed, children may be placed on bed rest. Medications are given to reduce the inflammation, as well as antibiotics to treat the Streptococcus infection. Other medications may be necessary to handle congestive heart failure.

If heart valve damage occurs, surgical repair or replacement of the valve may be considered.

Source : http://www.chw.org

Radiology

Radiology is the branch of medicine that uses radioactive substances, electromagnetic radiation, and sound waves to create images of the body, its organs, and structures for the purpose of diagnosis and Female Doctor viewing X-raytreatment. Images can also show how effectively the body and its internal organs and structures are functioning.

Radiology was discovered a little over 100 years ago and has evolved into a high-tech science with state-of-the-art equipment to aid in imaging every aspect of the body.

While there has been concern over the potential harmful side effects associated with the use of radiation, it is believed that the small risks are greatly outweighed by the information gained about patients' conditions and radiology's contribution to medical science.

Radiology offers both diagnostic and therapeutic services. The specialty areas of radiology include the following :

• Diagnostic Radiology - An area of radiology that uses external radiation to produce images of the body, its organs, and other internal structures for medical diagnostic purposes.


• Nuclear Medicine - A specialized area of diagnostic radiology that uses very small amounts of radioactive materials to create an image of the body, its organ functions, and structure, for diagnostic and treatment purposes.


• Therapeutic Radiology (Radiation Oncology) - A specialized area of radiology that uses applications of radiant energy to study, treat, and manage cancer and other diseases.


• Interventional Radiology - A specialized area of radiology that uses various imaging techniques to guide the insertion of small instruments and tools through the body to identify and treat a medical disorder without requiring conventional surgery.

Source : http://www.chw.org

Núcleo lenticular

El núcleo lenticular es un núcleo gris que se encuentra en la base del cerebro y forma parte de los ganglios basales. Está compuesto por dos estructuras grises: el globo pálido y el putamen.

El núcleo lenticular, visto en un corte frontal, presenta una masa gris fundamental, atravesada de abajo hacia arriba por dos láminas blancas, una interna, la lámina medular interna, y otra externa, lámina medular externa. Estas dos láminas medulares descomponen la masa gris en tres segmentos distintos: segmento externo o putamen (que es de color más intenso), segmento interno (que es de menor coloración) y segmento medio (cuya coloración es un término medio entre la del segmento interno y la del putamen). El segmento medio y el interno han recibido también, en conjunto, el nombre de globus pallidus. El segmento medio solo, es llamado también globus medialis.

Putamen

El putamen es uno de los núcleos grises que constituyen los ganglios basales. Es una estructura redonda ubicada en la base del cerebro. Junto con el globo pálido, el putamen conforma el núcleo lenticular, y es la parte más externa de los ganglios basales. El putamen es de color gris y está compuesto por cuerpos neuronales. Su función es la de regular los movimientos motores. Las cortezas somatosensorial y motora, el núcleo intralaminar del tálamo y la sustancia negra están conectadas al putamen y éste, a su vez, proyecta sus fibras axónicas en áreas motoras y premotoras de la corteza cerebral a través del globo pálido y tálamo.

CARE (Constipation and Reflux Evaluation) Program

Up to 25 percent of children who are referred to the Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Center at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin have a disorder of defection management and 25 percent of infants are referred for reflux. Treatment and management of reflux and constipation in children are provided in the Constipation and Reflux Evaluation Program by the team of pediatric nurse practitioners in collaboration with our gastroenterologists. A nurse practitioner is a registered nurse who has a master's degree in nursing and has specialized training in pediatric GI disorders and in general child development. Pediatric nurse practitioners can order tests and prescribe medication.

During the first clinic visit, the pediatric nurse practitioner will obtain a health history, perform a physical exam and formulate an individualized treatment plan with the family. Our approach consists of a combination of education, behavior management and medication interventions that are tailored to meet the unique needs of each child. Some tests and lab work may be completed during the visit; others may need to be scheduled for a different day. Dietitians and psychologists also support the program by providing additional intervention on diet and when behavioral issues interfere with management.

Diagnosis/Conditions treated :

• Abdominal pain with constipation.
• Can't potty train.
• Constipation.
• Encopresis (pooping in pants).
• Reflux – infants under 18 months who do not have feeding issues.
• Difficult, painful or infrequent stooling.

Source : http://www.chw.org/display/PPF/DocID/28105/Nav/1/router.asp

Globo Pálido

El globo pálido es una pequeña estructura gris que está localizada en la base del cerebro. Es uno de los tres núcleos grises que forman los ganglios basales. El globo pálido forma junto con el putamen el núcleo lenticular, enviando impulsos nerviosos desde el putamen y el caudado hacia el tálamo. Las neuronas que constituyen el glóbo pálido tienen axones bien mielinizados. Este núcleo se dirige en sentido medial del núcleo lenticular, el cual se divide en porciones externa e interna por una lamina medular medial o interna.

La función del glóbo pálido es la de controlar los movimientos voluntarios subconcientes, como la coordinación de los brazos al caminar.

The Down Syndrome Clinic

The Down Syndrome Clinic provides care for patients of all ages with Down syndrome. We specialize in providing care and support for families, and are committed to improving our patients' health and well-being.

We understand that a patient's well-being includes many complex issues and requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary health care approach. We are connected to a network of local and national resources.

Services for families
Staff at the clinic can provide or help coordinate the following services:

• Family-centered care. Clinics are scheduled monthly, usually the first or second Thursday of the month. Visits are customized to meet the needs and concerns of families. Advanced scheduling is required.
• Second opinions. Patients often have complex issues and families may require a second opinion. We are happy to provide a second opinion and help you prioritize concerns and sort through problems.
• Information and referrals. It is common for people with Down Syndrome to receive care from multiple specialists. The Down Syndrome Clinic staff can provide families with specialist referrals as well updated information on health and wellness topics.
• Training and education. We provide training and education for parents on a variety of health issues.

Services for health care providers
Down Syndrome Clinic staff also can provide support to primary care physicians in making health care decisions affecting children or adult family members with Down syndrome:

• Information and referrals.
• Patient consultation services.
• Education and training for providers.

Source : http://www.chw.org

Tálamo

El tálamo es una estructura ovoide de materia gris que se encuentra localizada en la base del cerebro, por encima del hipotálamo. Hay un un tálamo en cada lado del cerebro, por lo tanto es una estructura pareada. Está compuesto por cuerpos de neuronas, lo que le da el color gris. Su función es la de una estación de relevo que envía información sensoriales provenientes de los ojos, oídos, piel, etc., a la corteza del cerebro.

El tálamo tiene una forma ovalada y es atravesada en toda su longitud por la lámina medular interna que tiene forma de Y, según se puede ver en la siguiente figura, conecta, junto con otras fibras de substancia blanca, los diferentes núcleos talámicos entre sí. La lámina medular interna, según vemos en la figura, permite diferenciar en el tálamo una parte anterior, una medial.

Se puede decir que los estímulos dirigidos a la corteza cerebral son filtrados en el tálamo, quien decide si siguen o terminan su camino, calificándolos de triviales. Pero no únicamente hace esta función, sino que también, al estar conectado a la corteza cerebral, por la vía córtico-talámica son interconectores. Si hay una disfunción en el tálamo afecta a la corteza. El tálamo tambien desempeña una función importante en los estados de sueños y alerta.

Hipotálamo

El hipotálamo es un núcleo gris que se encuentra en la base del cerebro, por debajo del tálamo, en la Silla Turca (en el nivel superior del hueso esfenoides). Tiene aproximadamente el tamaño y la forma de una almendra. Una de las funciones más importante del hipotálamo es la de conectar el sistema nervioso central con el sistema endocrino por medio de la hipófisis, o glándula pituitaria.

El hipotálamo sintetiza y segrega por lo menos nueve neurohormonas. Este núcleo gris también regula los reflejos gástricos, la presión sanguínea, respuestas inmunológicas y temperatura. Se lo considera el centro integrador del sistema nervioso autónomo dentro del sistema nervioso periférico. También se encarga de realizar funciones de integración somato-vegetativa.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Test

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test or most popular called IQ test is a test method that to determine and measuring your personal mental abilities. Whether you are believe or not, this type of test can be a good estimate of intelligence (if you excuse the cultural bias).

IQ test is used not only for children, but also for adults. Everyone has hundreds of specific mental abilities, some can be measured accurately and are reliable predictors of academic and financial success by Iq test. Originally, IQ test was used to detect persons of lower intelligence in order to place them in special position on their job's skill or education programs for the student.Actually, IQ tests were designed to compare a child's intelligence to what his or her intelligence "should be" as compared to the child's age. If the child was significantly "smarter" than a "normal" child of his or her age, the child was given a higher score, and if the child scored lower than expected for a child of his or her age, the child was given a lower IQ score.

Many of IQ test was offered for the adults to compare an adult's objective results to the objective results of other adults in the same age. So, they can determine and measure their intelligence base on standard's score. These are kind of IQ test ; Mental IQ test, Emotional IQ test, Sexual IQ test, Accurate IQ test, Memory IQ test, Children IQ test, Adult IQ test, School IQ test, Personality IQ test.

Circunvolución Dentada

La circunvolución dentada es una parte de la formación hipocampal. Es una arquicorteza que se desarrolla siguiendo el borde de la cisura del hipocampo y que consta de tres capas: molecular, granular y polimórfica. La capa del medio, la granular, contiene células granulares que se proyectan al subcampo CA3 del hipocampo.

La circunvolución dentada se corresponde con una banda aserrada de sustancia gris, por debajo del borde medial del hipocampo y en su produndidad. La prolongación posterior y superior de esta circunvolución recibe el nombre de circunvolución fasciolada, la cual forma un área de transición entre la circunvolución dentada y el indusium griseum.

Se cree que la circunvolución dentada desempeña una función importante en la memoria de nueva información o vivencias.

Circunvolución dentada en corte transversal del cerebro

Accurate IQ Test

Accurate IQ test is really important for the children and also for an adult to measuring their personal ability level. For example, a child (student)in the school may they do the IQ test to determine level of intelligence related to what kind of the best subject that they have to taking (Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics).

IQ test also better for an adult, whether for entertaining (exercise their brain) to get personality and intelligence level or to decide which careers, jobs, or professions match their IQ and intelligence. Many of accurate IQ test and personality intelligence tests online, Everyone has hundreds of specific mental abilities but some can be measured accurately and are reliable predictors of academic and financial success.

Something everyone should take IQ score once in their life, at least to compare their mental strengths and weaknesses. Valid and accurate IQ test will give and help them personalized relationship advice and career advice.

Hipocampo (cerebro)

El hipocampo es una estructura cerebral que se encuentra localizada dentro del lóbulo temporal medio, por debajo de la superficie cortical. Es una estructura marginal y menos compleja que el resto de la corteza cerebral, ya que presenta menos capas neuronales que la sustancia gris cortical del lóbulo temporal. El hipocampo desempeña una función importante en la memoria a largo plazo y la navegación (orientación) espacial.

Una parte del hipocampo pertenece al sistema límbico y la otra a la arquicorteza, componiendo junto al subículo y el giro dentado la llamada formación hipocampal. Al igual que el resto de la corteza cerebral es una estructura pareada, con dos mitades que son imágenes especulares en ambos hemisferios cerebrales. En los seres humanos y resto de los primate, tiene la forma de caballito de mar, de ahi su nombre "hipocampo".

La mayor fuente de aferencias del hipocampo es la corteza entorrinal, como así también el objetivo de sus eferencias. La corteza entorrinal se haya conectada de forma fuerte y recíproca con otras áreas de la corteza cerebral, y por ello actúa como el mayor interfaz entre el hipocampo y otras partes del cerebro. Las capas superficiales de la corteza entorrinal proporcionan al hipocampo la entrada de información, o estímulo, más importante, y las capas profundas de esta estructura la salida más prominente.

En el interior del hipocampo el flujo de información es en gran medida unidireccional, con señales que se propagan a través de una serie de capas de células empaquetadas de forma apretada, primero en dirección a la circunvolución dentada, después a la capa C3 y posteriormente a la C1, siguiendo por el subículo y finalmente saliendo del hipocampo hacia la corteza entorrinal.

Hipocampo en lóbulo temporal izquierdo

Perspectiva del hipocampo desde la cara inferior del cerebro

Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for Pregnancy

There is no universal agreement about the use of vitamin and mineral supplements during pregnancy . Ideally, the diet should supply all the nutriens needed so supplements are not necessary. Some physiciams prescribe a multivitamin and mineral supplement as a precaution against deficiencies. The Subcommitee on Dietary Intake and Nutrient Supplements During Pregnancy of the Food and Nutrition Board (Institute of Medicine, 1990) considers supplements During pregnancy an intervention to be used oly when specifically indicated. They point out that supplementation can create imbalances.

Because increasing one nutrient often hanges the requirement for other nutrients. There also may be unidentified essential nutrients. There also may be unidentified essential nutrients that supplementation could affect adversely.

Iron and folacin the most frequently recommended supplement, because they are difficult to obtain by diet alone. The subcommittee for an Implementation Guide (Institute of Medicine, 1992) recommends a low-dose supplement of 30 mg /d of elemental iron for the woman who is not anemic. For the anemic woman, a supplement of 60 to 120 mg/d is recommended. Iron tablets taken between meals are absorbed more completely than those taken with food. Because large doses of iron appear to depress plasma zinc in preganant women, zinc supplementation may be needed when a supplement of more than 30 mg/d of elemental iron is taken. If zinc is given, the Subcomitee recommends the addition of a 2-mg copper supplement

to offset zinc’s depressive effect on copper absorption (Institute of Medicine, 1992).

Folic acid is recommended for 4 weeks prior to conception and during the first 3 months of pregnancy (Institute of Medicine, 1992). Suplementation prior to in early pregnancy has been found to protect against neural tube defects in women who had a previously affected pregnancy (MRC Vitamin Study Research Highlight). If there is any evidence of an inadequate dietary intake, folic acid may be given throughout the pregnancy.

Certain conditions or habits of the pregnant woman may increase requirements fo certain nutrients. For example, women who are carryng more than one fetus or who smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs may require additional supplementation. Special attention also needs to be given to the adequacy of calcium and vitamin D intake for pregnant women younger than 25 years, because their bon mineral density is still increasing (Institute of medicine 1990). Calcium Supplements might be advised for women who drink little or no milk, and Vitamin B12 might be needed by the vegan who eats no animal protein (Williams, 1993). If any vitamin or mineral supplements are used, it is important for the woman to understand that these are in addition to, not stead of, her recommended dietary intake
(taken From Assesment and Management in the Antepartum Period Book)

Related Post

Health

• Hypnosis -How it helps you with Glowing Skin
• The 5 Food Secrets For Beautiful Skin Every Woman Must Know!
• Kissing is Good For You!
• First Time Intercourse
• Gonorrhea Treatment
• Immunizations During Pregnancy
• Breast Feeding
• Treatment Menstrual Pain (Dysmenorrhea)
• The Benefits of Tomato
• The Benefits of Spinach

Latencia

La latencia es el período del desarrollo psicosexual donde se desarrollan fuerzas psíquicas que inhiben el impulso sexual y reducen su dirección. Los impulsos sexuales inaceptables son canalizados a niveles de actividad más aceptados por la cultura. Freud lo llamaba "período de calma sexual". Este período comprende entre los seis años hasta la pubertad.

El período de latencia representa una etapa de detención en la evolución de la sexualidad. Durante él se observa, desde este punto de vista, una disminución de las actividades sexuales, la desexualización de las relaciones de objeto y de los sentimientos, especialmente el predominio de la ternura sobre los deseos sexuales, y la aparición de sentimientos como el pudor y el asco y de aspiraciones morales y estéticas. Según la teoría psicoanalítica, el período de latencia tiene su origen en la declinación del complejo de Edipo; corresponde a una intensificación de la represión, la cual provoca una amnesia que abarca los primeros años, y una transformación de las catexis de objetos en identificaciones con los padres y un desarrollo de las sublimaciones.

Ncp - Nursing Care Plan Patient Heart Failure

NCP for Heart Failure

Assessment

1. Left-sided heart failure ; Dyspnea, Crackles, Orthopnea, Paroxysmal noctural dyspnea, Tachypnea, Tachycardia, Gallop rhythm (third or S3 and fourth or S4 heart sound), Fatigue, Anxiety, Arrhythmias and Cough.
2. Righ-sided heart failure ; Dependent edema, Weight gain, Fatique, Jugular vein distention, Tachycardia, Gallop rhythm (S3 or S4), Nausea, Anorexia, Hepatomegaly and Ascites.

Nursing Diagnoses

• Excess fluid volume
• Activity intolerance
• Ineffective health maintenance

Planing and Goals of Nursing Care

• The clients will understand how to cope with necessary lifestyle changes.
• The client won't develop preventable complication
• The client will will understand how to continue therapy at home.

Nursing Intervention For Heart Failure

• Assess cardiovascular status, vital sign and hemodynamic variable to detect signs of reduced cardiac output.
• Assess respiratory status to detect increasing fluid in the lungs and respiratory failure.
• Keep the client in semi-fowler's position to increase chest expansion and improve ventilation.
• Administer medication as prescribed, to enhance cardiac performance and reduce excess fluids.
• Administer oxygen to enhance arterial oxygenation.
• Measure and record intake and output, Intake greater than output may indicated fluid retention.
• Monitor laboratory test result to detect electrolyte imbalances, renal failure, and impaired cardiac circulation.
• Provide suctioning, if necessary assist with turning and encourage coughing and deep breathing to prevent pulmonary complication.
• Restrict oral fluid to avoid worsening the client's condition.
• Weigh the client daily to detect fluid retention. A weight gain of 2lb (0,9 kg) in 1 day or 5 lb (2,3 kg) in 1 week indicates fluid gain.
• Measure and record the client's abdominal girth. An increased in abdominal girht suggests worsening fluid retention and right-sided heart failure.
• Make sure the client maintains a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid accumulation.
• Encourage the client to express feelings, such as a fear of dying to reduce anxiety.

Disforia

La disforia es la perturbación del estado de ánimo que lleva a la tristeza o estado depresivo, ansiedad, irritabilidad o inquietud. Es el opuesto etimológico de euforia. No solamente la disforia se puede experimentar en respuesta a acontecimientos vitales ordinarios, como la enfermedad o el duelo, sino que también es un rasgo de muchos trastornos psiquiátricos como en algunos tipos de psicosis. La disforia se experimenta normalmente durante episodios depresivos, pero las personas con trastorno bipolar pueden también experimentarlo durante los episodios maníacos o hipomaníacos. En el contexto de un trastorno de las emociones es un indicador de riesgo elevado de suicidio.

La disforia también puede aparecer como un efecto colateral de los medicamentos antipsicóticos para tratar la esquizofrenia y sus síntomas.

NCLEX (National Council Licensure EXamination)

NCLEX (National Council Licensure EXamination) is an examination for the licensing of nurses in the United States. There are two types, the NCLEX-RN and the NCLEX-PN.

NCLEX examinations are developed and owned by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN). NCSBN administers these examinations on behalf of its member boards which consist of the boards of nursing in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and four U.S. territories American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and the Virgin Islands.

To ensure public protection, each board of nursing requires a candidate for licensure to pass the appropriate NCLEX examination, NCLEX-RN for registered nurses and the NCLEX-PN for vocational/practical nurses. NCLEX examinations are designed to test the knowledge, skills and abilities essential to the safe and effective practice of nursing at the entry-level.

NCLEX examinations are provided in a computerized adaptive testing (CAT) format and are presently administered by Pearson VUE in their network of Pearson Professional Centers (PPC).

From : http://en.wikipedia.org

Neurolépticos

Se conoce como neurolépticos a los medicamentos utilizado para tratar la esquizofrenia, paranoia, diferentes formas de psicosis, y depresiones. Conocido también como antipsicóticos, actúan en el cerebro haciendo desaparecer las alucinaciones y delirios en los enfermos esquizofrénicos. Se han desarrollado varias generaciones de este fármaco. La primera es la de los neurolépticos típicos, descubiertos en los años de 1950. La segunda generación constituye un grupo de neurolépticos atípicos, que fueron descubiertos más recientemente y de mayor uso en la actualidad.

Ambos tipos de antipsicóticos, los típicos y los atípicos, tienden a bloquear los receptores de la vía de la dopamina en el cerebro. Algunos efectos colaterales incluyen la ganancia de peso, agranulocitosis, discinesia y acatisia tardía. Entre los neurolépticos más conocidos figuran: haloperidol, clorpromazina, flufenazina, risperidona, quetiapina, aripiprazol, y clozapina.

Farmacología de los neurolépticos

La farmacología de los antipsicóticos clásicos es la siguiente: 1) son eficaces sobre los síntomas positivos de la esquizofrenia; 2) su acción antipsicótica se ejerce al bloquear los receptores dopaminérgicos D2; 3) tienen muchos efectos adversos, sobre todo extrapiramidales. Antipsicóticos atípicos: 1) su acción antipsicótica se ejerce no sólo por el antagonismo de los receptores dopaminérgicos D2, sino también por los de serotonina, histamínicos y muscarínicos; 2) presentan un espectro de eficacia mayor, incluyendo los síntomas negativos y positivos; 3) ocasionan menos efectos adversos incluyendo una baja incidencia de efectos extrapiramidales, además de una mínima afectación de la prolactina y otras hormonas.

Discinesia

Se llama discinesia a los movimientos anormales e involuntarios en las enfermedades nerviosas. Estos movimientos motores anormales incluyen gesticulación facial, masticación repetitiva, y movimiento oscilatorio de la mandíbula. Ocurren tanto en la musculatura estriada como en la lisa, siendo un síntoma típico el temblor. La discinesia tardía es un efecto colateral de los fármacos neurolépticos o antipsicóticos.

Gonorrhea Treatment

Gonorrhea Treatment

by: Mary Chris

A Positive test for a sexually transmitted disease is not fun. The information can hit you hard and everyone reacts in a different way. The worse the disease the worst feeling you must have. There is nothing nice about getting a positive test result for sexually transmitted disease. If you are looking to avoid this sort of thing, maybe you should consider treatment immediately. In regards to Gonorrhea Treatment, there is good news. The disease is easy to treat and is not going to be some crazy experiment in regards to helping you. The most important thing you can do is to make sure that you see a doctor when symptoms appear and get yourself some medicine fast. This is going to be your friend in regards to treating and getting cured of this disease that is ultimately preventable.

Gonorrhea Treatment is not crazy. It is easy to get access to medicine, just simply go to a doctor and get this taken care of. You are going to get an antibiotic medicine to help this. It can either be a pill or an injection and most of the times a single dose is going to cure you. However, some antibiotic treatments do last several days and are not too crazy to apply. Some medicines are not easily given to pregnant women, so you should be careful and make sure you tell your doctor.

Do not wait to get treated. If you wait to get treated and are looking for Gonorrhea Treatment, then you are going to make things very complicated. You are going to have problems with reproduction, and even have some potentially life threatening problems. You really need to be aware of how bad things can get if you do not get access to proper medical attention. This is not complicated, and it is your goal to get yourself a proper physician to help you. You need to get tested for this immediately if you have doubts, and get yourself a good Gonorrhea Treatment.

If you are getting tested and seeking Gonorrhea Treatment, then also make sure you get tested for other sexually transmitted diseases. You do not want to be one of those people that end up with being a statistic. Statistics are important, but you don't need to be on the bad side, you would probably do a lot better on the positive end of the spectrum. Seriously, have a good day in the sun by getting yourself treated and cured of anything potentially harmful. If you detect your illness early, it can be a memory and a lesson learned. Use your head and protect yourself in regards to sex. Do not go around having sex with many partners and lack discretion, because that is a really sad scenario. You have been warned and you can get Gonorrhea Treatment easily. So do not just wish it away, get yourself treated early and detect any other diseases while you're at it. The best advice you can get in regards to sexually transmitted diseases is protection. Use protection, use discretion and live happy.

I have made a Gonorrhea Treatment Blog in order to assist victims of STD Gonorrhea.

www.e-healtharticles.com

http://purba-java.blogspot.com/2010/04/gonorrhea-treatment.html

Immunizations During Pregnancy

As a rule, immunizations are best avoided during oregnancy. Several factorsenter into the decision about imunizing a pregnant woman against an infectious discase, including the possibility of disease exposure, the effect on woman and fetus if the disease is contracted, susceptibility to the disease, and risk to the fetus from the immunization. Immunoglobins, toxoids, and killed or inactivated be given during pregnancy unless the risk of exposure and illness clearly outweighs the risks of the vaccine itself.

The live virus MMR vaccine (measle, mumps, and rubella) is contraindicated during pregancy. There is a well-established risk from these disease. About 10% of reproductive age women are suspectible to rubella, either because they were never vaccinated or their immunity has waned. The centers for disease Control have monitored fetal effects of rubella vaccination since 1971. In over 300 susceptible women who were immunized within 3 months of conception and whose pregnancies went to term , there were no fetal abnormalities (Cunning-ham et al.1993). pregnancy should be avoided for 3 months after rubella vaccination , even though there is no documentation of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS:Scott et al. 1993).
Pregnant women with chronic cardiac, pulmonary, or metabolic diseases should be evaluated carefully for immunization against influenza and pneumonia.

The nurse advises the pregnant women to minimize expsure to infectious diseases when travelling. Any febrile illness or rash should be reported to the physicians without delay.
Clients are educated about updating immuzations after delivery to reduce future risk. After receiving live organism vaccinations, clients are advised to avoid conception for recommended time.
Taken from : assesment and management in the antepartum period book

http://purba-java.blogspot.com/2010/05/immunizations-during-pregnancy.html

Acatisia

La acatisia es un síndrome que se caracteriza por la sensación de intranquilidad y angustia interior que se manifiesta en la incapacidad de mantenerse quieto. La acatisia varía en intensidad desde una leve sensación de desasosiego, o angustia, a una total incapacidad de permanecer quieto, o en estado de reposo. En caso extremo es acompañada por una ansiedad abrumadora, malestar general, y disforia, la cual se manifiesta en una sensación de terror y fatalidad. La necesidad imperiosa de moverse lleva al paciente a cambiar de lugar y de postura, a levantarse y sentarse en forma reiterada, a cruzar y extender las piernas, etc.

La acatisia se da como resultado de los efectos colaterales de los neurolépticos. Fármacos como la metoclopramida también pueden provocar este efecto adverso. En menor grado, la acatisia también puede ser un síntoma de la enfermedad de Parkinson. Se debe hacer el diagnóstico diferencial con el "síndrome de las piernas inquietas", en el cual lo que sucede es que los movimientos se exacerban con el reposo, suelen aparecer al acostarse, y ceden con el movimiento.

University of Phoenix

University of Phoenix

The University of Phoenix offers a variety nursing programs to fit the needs of all students. The curriculum is built upon a foundation of biological, physical and social sciences which contribute to the science of nursing. Choose from a campus near you.

Visit Sites : University of Phoenix

Chamberlain College of Nursing - Online RN to BSN Program / Online MSN Program

Chamberlain College of Nursing
Online RN to BSN Program / Online MSN Program

Chamberlain College of Nursing

Over 120 years of excellence in nursing education.

Chamberlain offers:

• Career mobility and advancement
• Financial aid programs, employer tuition reimbursement and payment plans may also be available
• Rolling admissions all year in January, March, May, July, September and November
• Personal, student-focused learning
• Top-notch, degreed faculty
• Flexible online classes
• Proven nursing/health care education model

Fast-Track RN to BSN Online Degree Completion Program

Take your nursing career to a whole new level. Advance your career by completing your BSN degree online, while you work!

This flexible online program allows registered nurses to advance their nursing careers by earning a BSN degree in as few as 3 semesters.

• Fast track: RNs can earn a BSN degree by completing just 3 semesters
• Flexibe: All courses are offered online - 8 week sessions
• Generous transfer credit opportunities: RNs with an unrestricted license may receive over 80 transfer credit hours toward a BSN degree
• Portfolio credits: Students may receive up to 8 additional credit hours of coursework based on professional work experience

Regardless of your busy lifestyle, you can fulfill your personal and career goals to earn your BSN degree through Chamberlain College of Nursing.

Select a Campus: Online

Quetiapina

La quetiapina es un fármaco antipsicótico atípico indicado en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia, psicosis, y depresiones. Ejerce su efecto antipsicótico en parte a través de su actividad como antagonista de los receptores de la serotonina y dopamina, específicamente los D2 de la dopamina, el adrenoreceptor alfa-1 y alfa-2 y los receptores de la serotonina 5-HT2 Exploraciones PET en serie, evaluado la ocupancia los receptores D2 por la quetiapina mostraron que se disocian rápidamente de estos. En Europa la quetiapina es comercializada por la empresa farmaceútica anglo-sueca AstraZeneca bajo la marca Seroquel, y por la empresa finlandesa como Ketipinor.

Farmacocinética

La quetiapina posee una vida media de 6 horas y una biodisponibilidad del 9%. Tiene un metabolismo hepático y una excreción por vía renal.

Kaplan University - School of Nursing

Kaplan University
School of Nursing
6301 Kaplan University Avenue
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309

Kaplan University

Kaplan University offers a broad selection of programs that focus on the career goals of working adults from a variety or professional disciplines. Emphasis is on real-world knowledge and skill development, and Kaplan University offers programs designed to provide the concepts and techniques you can use to pursue your professional and educational goals.*

Kaplan University gives you the control to study on your own schedule. There are no job interruptions, travel expenses, or hours spent searching the campus map. Study anytime and anywhere you have an Internet connection. The flexibility and dynamic interaction of online education at Kaplan University also allows for innovative Web-based learning opportunities via message boards, online readings, academic exercises, and Web Field Trips.

Kaplan University is regionally accredited. Visit our website for details.

Kaplan University proudly offers reduced tuition rates for active-duty military personnel, military spouses, and military veterans.

Select a Campus: Online

Neurosis

Neurosis es una alteración mental caracterizada por estados de angustia, fobias, personalidad histérica, y comportamiento obsesivo. A diferencia del psicótico o esquizofrénico, el neurótico no sufre de alucinaciones ni delirios. El concepto clásico de neurosis se refiere a un trastorno mental sin evidencia de lesión orgánica que se caracteriza por la presencia de un nivel elevado de angustia y una hipertrofia disruptiva de los mecanismos compensadores de la misma.

En la neurosis el sujeto mantiene un adecuado nivel de introspección y conexión con la realidad, pero presenta la necesidad de desarrollar conductas repetitivas y en muchos casos inadaptativas con objeto de disminuir el nivel de estrés. Se trata, en realidad, de un rasgo característico que acompaña al sujeto durante toda su vida, de gravedad muy variable, desde grados leves y controlables hasta situaciones gravemente incapacitantes que pueden llegar a precisar hospitalización.

Sigmund Freud desarrolló diversos trabajos en relación con la histeria y los trastornos obsesivos, publicados entre 1892 y 1899, sentando las bases psicogénicas de lo que él denominó psiconeurosis. A partir de sus trabajos se elaboró una clasificación, ya en desuso, que distinguía varios tipos de neurosis en función de la expresión final de los síntomas provocados por el síntoma nuclear de la angustia: neurosis de angustia, neurosis fóbicas, neurosis obsesivo-compulsivas, neurosis depresivas, neurosis neurasténicas, neurosis de despersonalización, neurosis hipocondríacas y neurosis histéricas.

NCLEX Practice Questions

1. A patient tells you that her urine is starting to look discolored. If you believe this change is due to medication, which of the following patient's medication does not cause urine discoloration?

A. Sulfasalazine
B. Levodopa
C. Phenolphthalein
D. Aspirin

2. You are responsible for reviewing the nursing unit's refrigerator. If you found the following drug in the refrigerator it should be removed from the refrigerator's contents?

A. Corgard
B. Humulin (injection)
C. Urokinase
D. Epogen (injection)

3. A 34 year old female has recently been diagnosed with an autoimmune disease. She has also recently discovered that she is pregnant. Which of the following is the only immunoglobulin that will provide protection to the fetus in the womb?

A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgG

4. A second year nursing student has just suffered a needlestick while working with a patient that is positive for AIDS. Which of the following is the most important action that nursing student should take?

A. Immediately see a social worker
B. Start prophylactic AZT treatment
C. Start prophylactic Pentamide treatment
D. Seek counseling

5. A thirty five year old male has been an insulin-dependent diabetic for five years and now is unable to urinate. Which of the following would you most likely suspect?

A. Atherosclerosis
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Autonomic neuropathy
D. Somatic neuropathy

6. You are taking the history of a 14 year old girl who has a (BMI) of 18. The girl reports inability to eat, induced vomiting and severe constipation. Which of the following would you most likely suspect?

A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Anorexia nervosa
C. Bulimia
D. Systemic sclerosis

7. A 24 year old female is admitted to the ER for confusion. This patient has a history of a myeloma diagnosis, constipation, intense abdominal pain, and polyuria. Which of the following would you most likely suspect?

A. Diverticulosis
B. Hypercalcaemia
C. Hypocalcaemia
D. Irritable bowel syndrome

8. Rho gam is most often used to treat____ mothers that have a ____ infant.

A. RH positive, RH positive
B. RH positive, RH negative
C. RH negative, RH positive
D. RH negative, RH negative

9. A new mother has some questions about (PKU). Which of the following statements made by a nurse is not correct regarding PKU?

A. A Guthrie test can check the necessary lab values.
B. The urine has a high concentration of phenylpyruvic acid
C. Mental deficits are often present with PKU.
D. The effects of PKU are reversible.

10. A patient has taken an overdose of aspirin. Which of the following should a nurse most closely monitor for during acute management of this patient?

A. Onset of pulmonary edema
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Parkinson's disease type symptoms

11. A fifty-year-old blind and deaf patient has been admitted to your floor. As the charge nurse your primary responsibility for this patient is?

A. Let others know about the patient's deficits
B. Communicate with your supervisor your concerns about the patient's deficits.
C. Continuously update the patient on the social environment.
D. Provide a secure environment for the patient.

12. A patient is getting discharged from a SNF facility. The patient has a history of severe COPD and PVD. The patient is primarily concerned about their ability to breath easily. Which of the following would be the best instruction for this patient?

A. Deep breathing techniques to increase O2 levels.
B. Cough regularly and deeply to clear airway passages.
C. Cough following bronchodilator utilization
D. Decrease CO2 levels by increase oxygen take output during meals.

13. A nurse is caring for an infant that has recently been diagnosed with a congenital heart defect. Which of the following clinical signs would most likely be present?

A. Slow pulse rate
B. Weight gain
C. Decreased systolic pressure
D. Irregular WBC lab values

14. A mother has recently been informed that her child has Down's syndrome. You will be assigned to care for the child at shift change. Which of the following characteristics is not associated with Down's syndrome?

A. Simian crease
B. Brachycephaly
C. Oily skin
D. Hypotonicity

15. A patient has recently experienced a (MI) within the last 4 hours. Which of the following medications would most like be administered?

A. Streptokinase
B. Atropine
C. Acetaminophen
D. Coumadin

16. A patient asks a nurse, “My doctor recommended I increase my intake of folic acid. What type of foods contain folic acids?”

A. Green vegetables and liver
B. Yellow vegetables and red meat
C. Carrots
D. Milk

17. A nurse is putting together a presentation on meningitis. Which of the following microorganisms has noted been linked to meningitis in humans?

A. S. pneumonia
B. H. influenza
C. N. meningitis
D. Cl. difficile

18. A nurse is administering blood to a patient who has a low hemoglobin count. The patient asks how long to RBC's last in my body? The correct response is.

A. The life span of RBC is 45 days.
B. The life span of RBC is 60 days.
C. The life span of RBC is 90 days.
D. The life span of RBC is 120 days.

19. A 65 year old man has been admitted to the hospital for spinal stenosis surgery. When does the discharge training and planning begin for this patient?

A. Following surgery
B. Upon admit
C. Within 48 hours of discharge
D. Preoperative discussion

20. A child is 5 years old and has been recently admitted into the hospital. According to Erickson which of the following stages is the child in?

A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Initiative vs. guilt
C. Autonomy vs. shame
D. Intimacy vs. isolation

21. A toddler is 16 months old and has been recently admitted into the hospital. According to Erickson which of the following stages is the toddler in?

A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Initiative vs. guilt
C. Autonomy vs. shame
D. Intimacy vs. isolation

22. A young adult is 20 years old and has been recently admitted into the hospital. According to Erickson which of the following stages is the adult in?

A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Initiative vs. guilt
C. Autonomy vs. shame
D. Intimacy vs. isolation

23. A nurse is making rounds taking vital signs. Which of the following vital signs is abnormal?

A. 11 year old male – 90 b.p.m, 22 resp/min., 100/70 mm Hg
B. 13 year old female – 105 b.p.m., 22 resp/min., 105/60 mm Hg
C. 5 year old male- 102 b.p.m, 24 resp/min., 90/65 mm Hg
D. 6 year old female- 100 b.p.m., 26 resp/min., 90/70mm Hg

24. When you are taking a patient's history, she tells you she has been depressed and is dealing with an anxiety disorder. Which of the following medications would the patient most likely be taking?

A. Elavil
B. Calcitonin
C. Pergolide
D. Verapamil

25. Which of the following conditions would a nurse not administer erythromycin?

A. Campylobacterial infection
B. Legionnaire's disease
C. Pneumonia
D. Multiple Sclerosis

Answer Key
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. D
11. D
12. C
13. B
14. C
15. A
16. A
17. D
18. D
19. B
20. B
21. A
22. D
23. B
24. A
25. D

NCLEX & HESI Practice Tests

Aripiprazol

El aripiprazol es un medicamento neuroléptico y antidepresivo atípico, utilizado para tratar la esquizofrenia, psicosis y depresion clínica. El aripiprazol fue desarrollado por la empresa Otsuka de Japón. En los EEUU, Otsuka America la comercializa en forma conjunta con laboratorios Bristol-Myers Squibb. La comercialización de este fármaco fue aprobado por la agencia de gobierno estadounidense de fármacos y alimentos (FDA) el 1 de octubre del 2004.

Dosificación: el aripiprazol está disponible en tabletas de 2mg, 5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg, y 30mg. También esta disponible en tabletas orodispersables de 10 y 15 mg, en soluciones de 1mg/1ml e inyecciones de 7.5mg/ml para efecto rápido.

Farmacocinética

El aripiprazol posee una biodisponibilidad del 87% en los comprimidos orales, sufriendo una amplia metabolización hepática: deshidrogenación, hidroxilación y N-dealquilación. Este fármaco presenta una cinética lineal y tiene una vida media de aproximadamente 75 horas. La concentración en plasma en estado estacionario se logra en unos 14 días. Su metabolito principal activo es el dehidro-aripiprazol, cuya vida media de eliminación es de unas 94 horas. El dehidro-aripiprazol se acumula típicamente en una proporción del 40% de la concentración de aripiprazol. El farmaco de administración parenteral se excreta solo en trazas, y sus metabolitos, activos o no, se excretan por vía fecal y orina. El aripiprazol se metaboliza por el citocromo P450 isoenzima 3A4 y 2D6. Debido a ello, la coadministración de aripiprazol con medicamentos que puedan inhibirlo, como la paroxetina o la fluoxetina, o inducirlo, como la carbamazepina, pueden aumentar o disminuir las concentraciones plasmáticas del aripiprazol.

Farmacología del aripiprazol

El mecanismo de acción del aripiprazol es diferente de los de otros antipsicóticos atípicos, como ser la clozapina, olanzapina, quetiapina, ziprasidona y risperidona. El aripiprazol ejerce sus efectos antipsicóticos en principio por agonismo parcial del receptor D2, del que se ha visto que modula la actividad dopaminérgica en áreas donde la actividad de la dopamina se puede incrementar o disminuir, como las áreas mesolímbica y mesocortical del cerebro esquizofrénico, respectivamente. Además de su acción agonista parcial del receptor D2, el aripiprazol también es un agonista parcial del receptor 5-HT1A y como otros antipsicóticos atípicos muestra un perfil antagonista del receptor 5-HT2A.